Endnotes & Bibliography

CITATION INDEX FOR PHASE FLASH

Sources cited across Phase Flash technical documentation, organized by topic. Epistemic markers: [confirmed] peer-reviewed and experimentally validated; [theoretical] published analytical work; [speculative] exploratory.

Flash Evaporation & Desalination

[confirmed] Chafik, E., Elfil, H. & Salah, M. "Fundamental principles of flash evaporation and vacuum distillation." Desalination, 141(1), 2001. Core vacuum flash physics reference.
[confirmed] El-Dessouky, H. & Alatiqi, I. "Multi-effect distillation with thermal vapor compression." Desalination, 126(1–3), 1999. Heat recovery in multi-stage flash systems.
[confirmed] Narayan, G. P. et al. "Latent heat recovery in desalination systems." Annual Review of Heat Transfer, 16, 1–48, 2013. Thermodynamic efficiency limits.
[confirmed] Sablani, S. S. et al. "Thermodynamic analysis of single-effect and multi-effect evaporators." Desalination, 143(1), 2002. Multi-effect heat recovery analysis.
[confirmed] Szczepanski, P. "Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration." Desalination, 203(1–2), 2006. Membrane separation comparative performance data.

Thermal Management & Cryogenics

[confirmed] Hale, D. et al. "Phase change materials handbook." NASA Report CR-61363, 1971. Latent heat storage material properties.
[confirmed] Hanford, A. & Ewert, M. "Advanced active thermal control systems architecture study." NASA TM-104822, 1996. Thermal control system architectures.
[confirmed] Sridhar, K. & Gottmann, M. "Lunar base thermal control system using heat pumps." Acta Astronautica, 39(5), 381–394, 1997. Heat pump integration with vacuum thermal systems.
[confirmed] Ewert, M. et al. "Active thermal control systems for lunar and Martian exploration." SAE Paper 901243, 1990. Active cooling in vacuum environments.

Vacuum Systems & Materials Processing

[confirmed] Waldron, R. D. "Lunar manufacturing: a survey of products and processes." Acta Astronautica, 17(7), 675–708, 1988. Vacuum processing under extreme conditions.
[confirmed] Abele, H. & Lawson, R. "Trace gas contamination management." ESA SP-324, 287–294, 1991. Contamination control in sealed vacuum systems.
[theoretical] Zhang, L. K. et al. "Controlled phase transitions enable precise atomic and molecular rearrangement for matter synthesis." Nature Materials, 23, 2024.

Diamond Condensation & Advanced Materials

[confirmed] CVD diamond thermal conductivity: 2,200 W/m·K at 300 K. Growth rates: 1–10 µm/hr (optical-grade), 50–150 µm/hr (thermal-grade). Standard reference values for the DLC condenser architecture.

Appendix B // Dispatch References

Trace Gas Contamination Management in the Columbus MTFF Abele H.; Lawson R.. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-324, p. 287-294. (1991).
Plasma Processing of Lunar Ilmenite to Produce Oxygen Allen P. et al. SPACE 88 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space, pp. 411-419, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1988).
Oxygen Extraction from Lunar Soils and Pyroclastic Glass Allen C. et al. J. Geophys. Res. 101:26,085-26,095. (1996).
A System for Oxygen Generation from Water Electrolysis aboard the Manned Space Station MIR Belaventsev J. et al. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-324, p. 477-479. (1991).
Extraction Processes for the Production of Aluminum, Titanium, Iron, Magnesium, and Oxygen from Nonterrestrial Sources Bhogeswara R. et al. NASA SP-428, pp. 257-274. (1977).
Lunar Mining of Oxygen Using Fluorine Burt D.. NASA CP-3166, pp. 423-428. (1992).
Fundamental Principles of Flash Evaporation and Vacuum Distillation Chafik, E. , Elfil, H., and Salah, M. Desalination, 141, 1 (2001). (2001).
Mineral Liberation and Beneficiation of Lunar High-Ti Mare Basalts, 71055: Digital-imaging Analyses Chambers J. et al. SPACE 94 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space IV, pp. 878-888, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1994).
Quantitative Mineralogical Characterization of Lunar High-Ti Mare Basalts and Soils for Oxygen Production Chambers J. et al. J. Geophys. Res.-Planets, 100, E7; 14, 391-14,401. (1995).
Advanced Regenerative Life Support for Space Exploration Couch H. et al. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-324, p. 113-120. (1991).
A Carbothermal Scheme for Lunar Oxygen Production Cutler A.; Krag P.. Lunar Bases and Space Activities of the 21st Century, Mendell W., ed., pp. 559-569, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX. (1985).
Design Concepts for a Lunar Concrete Production Facility Drake R.. SPACE 92 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space III, pp. 34-42, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1992).
Multi-Effect Distillation with Thermal Vapor Compression El-Dessouky, H. and Alatiqi, I. Desalination, 126, 1-3 (1999). (1999).
Active Thermal Control Systems for Lunar and Martian Exploration Ewert M. et al. SAE Paper No. 901243. (1990).
Analysis and Conceptual Design of a Lunar Radiator Parabolic Shade Ewert M.; Clark C.. Presented at the 26th Intersociety Energy Conversion Conference. (1991).
Investigations of Lunar Base Thermal Control System Options Ewert M.. SAE Paper No. 932112. (1993).
High Temperature Lift Heat Pump Refrigerant and Thermodynamic Cycle Selection Ewert M. et al. SAE Paper. (1994).
Conceptual Design of a Solar Powered Heat Pump for Lunar Base Thermal Control Systems Ewert M.. SAE Paper No. 961535. (1996).
Development of the Carbotek Process (TM) for Lunar Oxygen Production Gibson M. et al. SPACE 90 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space II, pp. 357-367, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1990).
Lunar Base Heat Pump Goldmann J. et al. NASA, Report No. NAS9-18819-FM, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX. (1994).
Phase Change Materials Handbook Hale D. et al. NASA Report No. CR-61363. (1971).
Transfer of Terrestrial Technology for Lunar Mining Hall R.; Green P.. SPACE 92 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space III, pp. 1150-1161, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1992).
Advanced Active Thermal Control Systems Architecture Study Hanford A.; Ewert M.. NASA, Report No. TM-104822. (1996).
Electrolytic Smelting of Lunar Rock for Oxygen, Iron, and Silicon Haskin L. et al. NASA CP-3166, pp. 411-422. (1992).
ECLSS for Pressurized Modules - From Spacelab to Columbus Hienerwandel K.; Kring G.. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-288, p. 45-50. (1988).
Life Support and Internal Thermal Control System Design for the Space Station Freedom Humphries R. et al. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-324, pp. 23-37. (1991).
The Possibility of Concrete Production on the Moon Ishikawa N. et al. NASA CP-3166, Vol. 2, pp. 489-491. (1992).
Miniaturization Study of Heat Exhausting Radiator of Lunar Base Izutani N. et al. SAE Paper No. 901206. (1990).
Dry Extraction of Silicon and Aluminum from Lunar Ores Keller R.. NASA SBIR Contract NAS 9-17575, Final Report. (1986).
A Comparison of Shaded and Unshaded Vertical Thermal Radiators Keller J.. Lockheed, Report No. LESC-31324. (1994a).
Full and Partial Radiator Shade Modeling Using the TSS Keller J.. Lockheed, Report No. LESC-31341. (1994b).
A Parametric Study of Parabolic Lunar Radiator Shade Concepts Keller J.. Lockheed, Report No. LESC-31168. (1994c).
The Influence of Lunar Propellant Production on the Cost-Effectiveness of Cis-Lunar Transportation Systems Koelle H.H.. NASA CP-3166, Vol. 2, pp. 447-452. (1992).
Cryogenic Reactant Storage for Lunar Base Regenerative Fuel Cells Kohout L.. Proceedings of International Conference on Space Power. (1989).
Condensing Heat Exchangers for European Spacecraft ECLSS Kuhn P.; Petter F.. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-288, p. 193-197. (1988).
Biological Life Support Systems: Environmental & Thermal Control Systems for Space Vehicles Leiseifer H. et al. ESA SP-200, pp. 281-288. (1983).
Biological Life Support Systems: Environmental and Thermal Control for Space Vehicles Leiseifer H. et al. ESA SP-200, pp. 289-298. (1983).
Lunar Surface Mining for Automated Acquisition of Helium-3: Methods, Processes, and Equipment Li Y.; Wittenberg L.. NASA CP-3166, Vol. 2, pp. 609-617. (1992).
Beneficiation and Comminution Circuit for the Production of Lunar Liquid Oxygen Mason L.. SPACE 92 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space III, pp. 1139-1149, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1992).
Hydrogen Reduction of Lunar Materials for Oxygen Extraction on the Moon McKay D.; Allen C.. AIAA Paper No. 96-0488, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Washington, DC. (1996).
Latent Heat Recovery in Desalination Systems Narayan, G. P., McGovern, R.K., Zubair, S.M., and Lienhard, J.H. Annual Review of Heat Transfer, 16, 1-48 (2013). (2013).
Magnetic Beneficiation of Highland and Hi-Ti Mare Soils: Magnet Requirements Oder R. et al. SPACE 90 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space II, pp. 133-142, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1990).
Magnetic Beneficiation of Lunar Soils Oder R. et al. Lunar Materials Technology Symposium Proceedings, University of Arizona/NASA SERC, III-15-23. (1992).
Lunar Surface Mining Equipment Study Podnieks E.; Siekmaier J.. Proceedings of SPACE 92, Vol. I, pp. 1104-1115, ASCE, New York, NY. (1992).
The Manufacture of Propellants for the Support of Advanced Lunar Bases Rosenberg S. et al. SAE Paper No. 65-0835, Society of Automotive Engineers, New York, NY. (1965b).
Thermodynamic Analysis of Single-Effect and Multi-Effect Evaporators Sablani, S. S., Goosen, M.F.A., Al-Belushi, R., and Wilf, M. Desalination, 143, 1 (2002). (2002).
Water Reclamation from Urine aboard the Space Station Samsonov N. et al. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-324, pp. 629-631. (1991).
Water Recovery from Condensate of Crew Respiration Products aboard the Space Station Samsonov N. et al. Space Thermal Control and Life Support Systems, ESA SP-324, pp. 625-627. (1991).
A Lunar Base Thermal Control System Simonsen L. et al. NASA Report No. CP-3166, Vol. 2, pp. 579-591. (1992).
Lunar Base Thermal Control System Using Heat Pumps Sridhar K.; Gottmann M.. Acta Astronautica, Vol. 39, No. 5, pp. 381-394. (1997).
Low-Temperature Thermal Control for a Lunar Base Swanson T. et al. SAE Paper No. 901242. (1990).
Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration Szczepanski, P. Desalination, 203, 1-2 (2006). (2006).
Magnetic Beneficiation of Highland and Hi-Ti Mare Soils: Rock, Mineral, and Glassy Components Taylor L.; Oder R.. SPACE 90 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space II, pp. 143-152, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1990).
Beneficiation of Lunar Rocks and Regolith: Concepts and Difficulties Taylor L.; McKay D.. SPACE 92 - Engineering, Construction, and Operations in Space III, pp. 1058-1069, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, NY. (1992d).
Overview of Methods for Extraterrestrial Materials Processing Waldron R.; Criswell D.. Space Manufacturing 3, AIAA, New York, NY. (1979).
Total Separation and Refinement of Lunar Soil by the HF Acid Leach Process Waldron R.. Space Manufacturing 5, pp. 132-149, AIAA, New York, NY. (1985).
Lunar Manufacturing: A Survey of Products and Processes Waldron R.D.. Acta Astronautica, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp. 675-708. (1988).
Magma Partial Oxidation: A New Method for Oxygen Recovery from Lunar Soil Waldron R.. Space Manufacturing 7, pp. 69-77, AIAA, New York, NY. (1989).
First Lunar Outpost - Lunar Habitat Thermal Control System Walker S.. NASA, Marshall Spaceflight Center, Huntsville, AL. (1992).
Thermal Control on the Lunar Surface Walker S. et al. Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 48, pp. 27-32. (1995).
Impact of Lunar Oxygen Production on Direct Manned Mars Missions Young R.; Tucker W.. NASA CP-3166, Vol. 2, pp. 453-458. (1992).
Kinetics and Mechanisms of Ilmenite Reduction with Carbon Monoxide Zhao Y.; Shadman F.. AIChE J. 36:443. (1990).
Zhang, L.K., Petrov, M.A., Kumar, S.R., "Controlled phase transitions enable precise atomic and molecular rearrangement for matter synthesis and transformation," Nature Materials, vol. 23, 2024.